Also Read: Note: – These hacking ebooks are only for the ethical knowledge purpose and must not be used for illegal purposes.
COMPUTER BASICS Seema Sirpal Delhi University Computer Centre. And processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations. Vibration free surface Things computer don’t like: Dust Drinking and eating over the keyboard Heat, Cold. Some exams like SBI PO, SBI Clerk, IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, SSC CGL, Railways RRB etc. Require you to have Basic Computer Knowledge. One of the oft seen topics in Computers is Hardware. One of the oft seen topics in Computers is Hardware.
The term 'open source' refers to something people can modify and share because its design is publicly accessible. The term originated in the context of software development to designate a specific approach to creating computer programs. Today, however, 'open source' designates a broader set of values—what we call '.' Open source projects, products, or initiatives embrace and celebrate principles of open exchange, collaborative participation, rapid prototyping, transparency, meritocracy, and community-oriented development.
What is open source software? Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. 'Source code' is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a 'program' or 'application'—works. Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly.
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What's the difference between open source software and other types of software? Some software has source code that only the person, team, or organization who created it—and maintains exclusive control over it—can modify. People call this kind of software 'proprietary' or 'closed source' software. Only the original authors of proprietary software can legally copy, inspect, and alter that software. And in order to use proprietary software, computer users must agree (usually by signing a license displayed the first time they run this software) that they will not do anything with the software that the software's authors have not expressly permitted.
Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software. Open source software is different. Its authors to others who would like to view that code, copy it, learn from it, alter it, or share it. And the are examples of open source software. As they do with proprietary software, users must accept the terms of a when they use open source software—but the legal terms of open source licenses differ dramatically from those of proprietary licenses.
Open source licenses affect the way people can software. In general, open source licenses grant computer users. Some open source licenses—what some people call 'copyleft' licenses—stipulate that anyone who releases a modified open source program must also release the source code for that program alongside it. Moreover, stipulate that anyone who alters and shares a program with others must also share that program's source code without charging a licensing fee for it.
By design, open source software licenses promote collaboration and sharing because they permit other people to make modifications to source code and incorporate those changes into their own projects. They encourage computer programmers to access, view, and modify open source software whenever they like, as long as they let others do the same when they share their work. Is open source software only important to computer programmers?
Open source technology and open source thinking both benefit programmers and non-programmers. Because early inventors built much of the Internet itself on open source technologies—like and the —anyone using the Internet today benefits from open source software. Every time computer users view web pages, check email, chat with friends, stream music online, or play multiplayer video games, their computers, mobile phones, or gaming consoles connect to a global network of computers using open source software to route and transmit their data to the 'local' devices they have in front of them. The computers that do all this important work are typically located in faraway places that users don't actually see or can't physically access—which is why some people call these computers 'remote computers.' More and more, people rely on remote computers when performing tasks they might otherwise perform on their local devices. For example, they may use online word processing, email management, and image editing software that they don't install and run on their personal computers. Instead, they simply access these programs on remote computers by using a Web browser or mobile phone application.
When they do this, they're engaged in 'remote computing.' Some people call remote computing 'cloud computing,' because it involves activities (like storing files, sharing photos, or watching videos) that incorporate not only local devices but also a global network of remote computers that form an 'atmosphere' around them. Cloud computing is an increasingly important aspect of everyday life with Internet-connected devices. Some cloud computing applications, like Google Apps, are proprietary. Others, like and, are open source. Cloud computing applications run 'on top' of additional software that helps them operate smoothly and efficiently, so people will often say that software running 'underneath' cloud computing applications acts as a ' for those applications. Cloud computing platforms can be open source or closed source.
Is an example of an open source cloud computing platform. Why do people prefer using open source software? People prefer open source software to proprietary software for a number of reasons, including: Control. Many people prefer open source software because they over that kind of software. They can examine the code to make sure it's not doing anything they don't want it to do, and they can change parts of it they don't like.
Users who aren't programmers also benefit from open source software, because they can use this software for any purpose they wish—not merely the way someone else thinks they should. Other people like open source software because it helps them. Because open source code is publicly accessible, students can easily study it as they learn to make better software. Students can also share their work with others, inviting comment and critique, as they develop their skills. When people discover mistakes in programs' source code, they can share those mistakes with others to help them avoid making those same mistakes themselves. Some people prefer open source software because they consider it more and stable than proprietary software.
Because anyone can view and modify open source software, someone might spot and correct errors or omissions that a program's original authors might have missed. And because so many programmers can work on a piece of open source software without asking for permission from original authors, they can fix, update, and upgrade open source software more than they can proprietary software. Many users prefer open source software to proprietary software for important, long-term projects. Because programmers the source code for open source software, users relying on that software for critical tasks can be sure their tools won't disappear or fall into disrepair if their original creators stop working on them. Additionally, open source software tends to both incorporate and operate according to open standards. Doesn't 'open source' just mean something is free of charge? This is a about what 'open source' implies, and the concept's implications are.
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Open source software programmers can charge money for the open source software they create or to which they contribute. But in some cases, because an open source license might require them to release their source code when they sell software to others, some programmers find that charging users money for software services and support (rather than for the software itself) is more lucrative. This way, their software remains free of charge, and they install, use, and troubleshoot it. While some open source software may be free of charge, skill in programming and troubleshooting open source software can be. Many employers specifically seek to working on open source software. What is open source 'beyond software'?
At Opensource.com, we like to say that we're interested in the ways open source values and principles apply to the world beyond software. We like to think of open source as not only a way to develop and license computer software, but also an attitude. Approaching all aspects of life ' means expressing a willingness to share, collaborating with others in ways that are transparent (so that others can watch and join too), embracing failure as a means of improving, and expecting—even encouraging—everyone else to do the same. It also means committing to playing an active role in improving the world, which is possible only when to the way that world is designed. The world is full of 'source code'—, —that guide and shape the way we think and act in it. We believe this underlying code (whatever its form) should be open, accessible, and shared—so many people can have a hand in altering it for the better.
Here, we tell stories about the impact of open source values on all areas of life—, health, law,. We're a community committed to telling others how the open source way is the best way, because a love of open source is just like anything else: it's better when it's shared. Where can I learn more about open source? We've compiled several resources designed to help you learn more about open source. We recommend you read our to get started. For more discussion on open source and the role of the CIO in the enterprise, join us at.
The opinions expressed on this website are those of each author, not of the author's employer or of Red Hat. Opensource.com aspires to publish all content under a but may not be able to do so in all cases. You are responsible for ensuring that you have the necessary permission to reuse any work on this site. Red Hat and the Shadowman logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.
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